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Ríos de tinta | Libros y Tecnología
Warning: strtotime() [function.strtotime]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Buenos_Aires' for 'ART/-3,0/no DST' instead in /var/www/librosytecnologia.lambdasistemas.com/htdocs/wordpress/wp-includes/link-template.php on line 113

Warning: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Buenos_Aires' for 'ART/-3,0/no DST' instead in /var/www/librosytecnologia.lambdasistemas.com/htdocs/wordpress/wp-includes/link-template.php on line 138

Warning: strtotime() [function.strtotime]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Buenos_Aires' for 'ART/-3,0/no DST' instead in /var/www/librosytecnologia.lambdasistemas.com/htdocs/wordpress/wp-includes/functions.php on line 35

Warning: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Buenos_Aires' for 'ART/-3,0/no DST' instead in /var/www/librosytecnologia.lambdasistemas.com/htdocs/wordpress/wp-includes/functions.php on line 107

Warning: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Buenos_Aires' for 'ART/-3,0/no DST' instead in /var/www/librosytecnologia.lambdasistemas.com/htdocs/wordpress/wp-includes/functions.php on line 109

Warning: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Buenos_Aires' for 'ART/-3,0/no DST' instead in /var/www/librosytecnologia.lambdasistemas.com/htdocs/wordpress/wp-includes/functions.php on line 111

Warning: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Buenos_Aires' for 'ART/-3,0/no DST' instead in /var/www/librosytecnologia.lambdasistemas.com/htdocs/wordpress/wp-includes/functions.php on line 112

Warning: strtotime() [function.strtotime]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Buenos_Aires' for 'ART/-3,0/no DST' instead in /var/www/librosytecnologia.lambdasistemas.com/htdocs/wordpress/wp-includes/link-template.php on line 113

Warning: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Buenos_Aires' for 'ART/-3,0/no DST' instead in /var/www/librosytecnologia.lambdasistemas.com/htdocs/wordpress/wp-includes/link-template.php on line 138

Warning: strtotime() [function.strtotime]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Buenos_Aires' for 'ART/-3,0/no DST' instead in /var/www/librosytecnologia.lambdasistemas.com/htdocs/wordpress/wp-includes/functions.php on line 35

Warning: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Buenos_Aires' for 'ART/-3,0/no DST' instead in /var/www/librosytecnologia.lambdasistemas.com/htdocs/wordpress/wp-includes/functions.php on line 107

Warning: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Buenos_Aires' for 'ART/-3,0/no DST' instead in /var/www/librosytecnologia.lambdasistemas.com/htdocs/wordpress/wp-includes/functions.php on line 109

Warning: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Buenos_Aires' for 'ART/-3,0/no DST' instead in /var/www/librosytecnologia.lambdasistemas.com/htdocs/wordpress/wp-includes/functions.php on line 111

Warning: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Buenos_Aires' for 'ART/-3,0/no DST' instead in /var/www/librosytecnologia.lambdasistemas.com/htdocs/wordpress/wp-includes/functions.php on line 112

Warning: strtotime() [function.strtotime]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Buenos_Aires' for 'ART/-3,0/no DST' instead in /var/www/librosytecnologia.lambdasistemas.com/htdocs/wordpress/wp-includes/link-template.php on line 113

Warning: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Buenos_Aires' for 'ART/-3,0/no DST' instead in /var/www/librosytecnologia.lambdasistemas.com/htdocs/wordpress/wp-includes/link-template.php on line 138

Warning: strtotime() [function.strtotime]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Buenos_Aires' for 'ART/-3,0/no DST' instead in /var/www/librosytecnologia.lambdasistemas.com/htdocs/wordpress/wp-includes/functions.php on line 35

Warning: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Buenos_Aires' for 'ART/-3,0/no DST' instead in /var/www/librosytecnologia.lambdasistemas.com/htdocs/wordpress/wp-includes/functions.php on line 107

Warning: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Buenos_Aires' for 'ART/-3,0/no DST' instead in /var/www/librosytecnologia.lambdasistemas.com/htdocs/wordpress/wp-includes/functions.php on line 109

Warning: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Buenos_Aires' for 'ART/-3,0/no DST' instead in /var/www/librosytecnologia.lambdasistemas.com/htdocs/wordpress/wp-includes/functions.php on line 111

Warning: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Buenos_Aires' for 'ART/-3,0/no DST' instead in /var/www/librosytecnologia.lambdasistemas.com/htdocs/wordpress/wp-includes/functions.php on line 112

Warning: strtotime() [function.strtotime]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Buenos_Aires' for 'ART/-3,0/no DST' instead in /var/www/librosytecnologia.lambdasistemas.com/htdocs/wordpress/wp-includes/link-template.php on line 113

Warning: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Buenos_Aires' for 'ART/-3,0/no DST' instead in /var/www/librosytecnologia.lambdasistemas.com/htdocs/wordpress/wp-includes/link-template.php on line 138

Warning: strtotime() [function.strtotime]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Buenos_Aires' for 'ART/-3,0/no DST' instead in /var/www/librosytecnologia.lambdasistemas.com/htdocs/wordpress/wp-includes/link-template.php on line 113

Warning: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Buenos_Aires' for 'ART/-3,0/no DST' instead in /var/www/librosytecnologia.lambdasistemas.com/htdocs/wordpress/wp-includes/link-template.php on line 138


Warning: strtotime() [function.strtotime]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Buenos_Aires' for 'ART/-3,0/no DST' instead in /var/www/librosytecnologia.lambdasistemas.com/htdocs/wordpress/wp-includes/functions.php on line 35

Warning: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Buenos_Aires' for 'ART/-3,0/no DST' instead in /var/www/librosytecnologia.lambdasistemas.com/htdocs/wordpress/wp-includes/functions.php on line 43

Warning: strtotime() [function.strtotime]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Buenos_Aires' for 'ART/-3,0/no DST' instead in /var/www/librosytecnologia.lambdasistemas.com/htdocs/wordpress/wp-includes/functions.php on line 35

Warning: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/Buenos_Aires' for 'ART/-3,0/no DST' instead in /var/www/librosytecnologia.lambdasistemas.com/htdocs/wordpress/wp-includes/functions.php on line 43

Ríos de tinta

Quizás la ambigüedad acerca de qué es un libro electrónico persistirá un cierto tiempo, habida cuenta de la juventud del concepto. La definición todavía es amplia: un libro electrónico puede ser, para algunas opiniones, cualquier formato digital destinado a albergar un libro.

Sin embargo, cada vez parece quedar más claro que una cosa es la versión digital de un libro y otra el dispositivo que se utilice para tener acceso a ella. Y los dispositivos, precisamente, han empezado a convertirse en los reyes del nuevo concepto: son bellos, manuables, de diseño austero y, asunto no menor a la hora de apreciar su seducción, capaces de gran generosidad de almacenamiento.

En un post anterior recordábamos la novela de Bradbury en donde un grupo de fieles almacenan, cada uno en su respectiva memoria neuronal, un gran libro de la humanidad. Imáginese usted, lector, disponer de todo Cervantes en su e-book, de todo Kafka, de todo Borges o de todo de lo que más le guste, y ello en el interior de su mochila, maletín o bolsillo de la bici.

Ahora bien: ¿cómo funcionan?

Hace alrededor de 2400 años ya se conocía, al menos de manera documentalmente verificable, el uso de la tinta. Un glosario de hermosas palabras latinas recorre su historia temprana: atraméntum (la tinta negra), sácrum encáustum (la tinta púrpura usada sólo por reyes y emperadores), minium o sinopis (la tinta colorada para las mayúsculas y los títulos de los documentos).

Largo camino hemos recorrido, y hoy nos hallamos en un punto en donde acaso convenga asumirnos como testigos de una revolución histórica. ¿Seguirán siendo los libros lo mismo que hemos conocido y amado? ¿Seguirán siendo lo mismo el papel, la tinta?

Los nuevos dispositivos de lectura (iLiad, Reader, Kindle, por nombrar algunos) funcionan mediante la tinta electrónica, muy distante en el tiempo de aquéllas preparadas a base de goma y hollín que dieron comienzo a todo. Pero esta parte de la historia, flamante y aún casi desconocida, contiene otras formas de belleza: las de la ciencia química y su heredera dominante, la electrónica.

La tecnología pionera tuvo origen, como muchas otras cosas, en el laboratorio PARC de Xerox. Allí se creó Gyricon, un tipo de display hecho de una fina y transparente lámina plástica, dentro de la cual se diseminan millones de microesferas. Éstas, constituidas por hemisferios cargados eléctricamente, se comportan como un dipolo y giran en diminutas cavidades llenas de fluido. Al poseer dichos hemisferios colores contrastados (blanco y negro, o rojo y blanco), cuando se aplica voltaje a la superficie de la lámina las microesferas giran y presentan uno u otro lado coloreado al observador.

E-Ink, competidora de la tecnología de Xerox, es la más utilizada actualmente, según se dice a causa de su mayor capacidad de resolución. En esencia el método es similar: al contener cada microesfera (del diámetro de un cabello humano) partículas con carga, la tensión negativa o positiva aplicada por dos transmisores hace que, bien las partículas cargadas positivamente (blancas), bien las cargadas negativamente (negras), o ambas, suban a la superficie del polímero que las contiene y se vuelvan visibles. La combinación obtenida es la que representará textos o gráficos.

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